:root {
    --background: #0b0e12;
    --background-raised: #11161d;
    --panel: #151b23;
    --panel-light: #1a222c;
    --line: #28313c;
    --line-strong: #3a4654;
    --text: #f4f7fa;
    --muted: #aab4c1;
    --quiet: #74808e;
    --accent: #bddcff;
    --accent-soft: rgba(189, 220, 255, 0.12);
    --accent-line: rgba(189, 220, 255, 0.38);
    --max-width: 1320px;
    --radius-small: 12px;
    --radius: 20px;
    --radius-large: 28px;
}

* {
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    scroll-padding-top: 90px;
}

body {
    margin: 0;
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 15% 0%, rgba(78, 123, 174, 0.17), transparent 32rem),
        var(--background);
    color: var(--text);
    font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
    text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

img {
    max-width: 100%;
}

a {
    color: inherit;
}

p,
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4 {
    text-wrap: pretty;
}

main,
.site-header-inner {
    width: min(var(--max-width), calc(100% - 72px));
    margin-inline: auto;
}

.skip-link {
    position: fixed;
    z-index: 100;
    top: 12px;
    left: 12px;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background: var(--text);
    color: var(--background);
    font-weight: 700;
    transform: translateY(-160%);
    transition: transform 180ms ease;
}

.skip-link:focus {
    transform: translateY(0);
}

/* Header */

.site-header {
    position: sticky;
    z-index: 20;
    top: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
    background: rgba(11, 14, 18, 0.84);
    backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
}

.site-header-inner {
    min-height: 68px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 32px;
}

.site-name {
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 750;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-decoration: none;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.site-nav {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 28px;
}

.site-nav a {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 650;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 160ms ease;
}

.site-nav a:hover,
.site-nav a:focus-visible {
    color: var(--accent);
}

/* Shared type */

.section-label,
.card-label,
.work-tag,
.story-step {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.16em;
    line-height: 1.35;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.card-label {
    color: #c3ccd6;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}

.card-label-spaced {
    margin-top: 30px;
}

.project-kicker {
    margin: 0 0 8px;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: clamp(16px, 1.7vw, 21px);
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.project-context {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Hero */

.hero {
    padding: clamp(86px, 10vw, 142px) 0 clamp(72px, 8vw, 112px);
}

.hero-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.15fr) minmax(340px, 0.85fr);
    align-items: end;
    gap: clamp(54px, 7vw, 116px);
}

.hero-name {
    margin: 0 0 28px;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.hero h1 {
    max-width: 800px;
    margin: 0;
    font-size: clamp(64px, 8.6vw, 126px);
    font-weight: 750;
    letter-spacing: -0.065em;
    line-height: 0.82;
}

.hero h1 span {
    display: block;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: 0.7em;
    letter-spacing: -0.05em;
    line-height: 1.02;
    margin-top: 0.2em;
}

.portfolio-title {
    margin: 0 0 28px;
    font-size: clamp(31px, 3.2vw, 49px);
    font-weight: 720;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    line-height: 1.05;
}

.intro {
    margin: 0;
    color: #d5dce4;
    font-size: clamp(18px, 1.7vw, 23px);
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.intro-note {
    margin: 22px 0 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.65;
}

.hero-capabilities {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    margin-top: clamp(62px, 8vw, 108px);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.hero-capabilities span {
    padding: 22px 18px;
    border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-align: center;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.hero-capabilities span:last-child {
    border-right: 0;
}

/* Project index */

.project-index {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 0.82fr) minmax(0, 1.18fr);
    gap: clamp(60px, 8vw, 130px);
    padding: 86px 0 100px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.index-heading h2 {
    margin: 18px 0 0;
    font-size: clamp(34px, 4vw, 56px);
    letter-spacing: -0.045em;
    line-height: 1.04;
}

.index-links {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
}

.index-links a {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 42px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 18px;
    min-height: 76px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 180ms ease, padding 180ms ease, border-color 180ms ease;
}

.index-links a:hover,
.index-links a:focus-visible {
    padding-left: 8px;
    border-color: var(--accent-line);
    color: var(--accent);
}

.index-links span {
    color: var(--quiet);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 750;
}

.index-links strong {
    font-size: 17px;
}

.index-links small {
    color: var(--quiet);
    font-size: 13px;
}

/* Main project structure */

.project {
    padding: clamp(100px, 10vw, 154px) 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.project-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 40px;
}

.project-number {
    margin: -8px 0 0;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
    font-size: clamp(72px, 9vw, 132px);
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: -0.08em;
    line-height: 0.7;
}

.project-title-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.25fr) minmax(320px, 0.75fr);
    align-items: end;
    gap: clamp(52px, 8vw, 126px);
    margin-top: clamp(50px, 6vw, 82px);
}

.project h2 {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: clamp(47px, 6.2vw, 86px);
    letter-spacing: -0.058em;
    line-height: 0.98;
}

.project-summary {
    margin: 0;
    color: #c2cbd5;
    font-size: clamp(18px, 1.7vw, 22px);
    line-height: 1.62;
}

/* Metrics and project briefs */

.metric-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    margin-top: clamp(58px, 7vw, 96px);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.metric {
    min-height: 148px;
    padding: 28px 24px;
    border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.metric:last-child {
    border-right: 0;
}

.metric strong,
.metric span {
    display: block;
}

.metric strong {
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    font-size: clamp(26px, 3vw, 42px);
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    line-height: 1;
}

.metric span {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 650;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.metric-accent {
    background: var(--accent-soft);
}

.metric-accent strong {
    color: var(--accent);
}

.metric-row-three {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
}

.metric-row-two {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    margin-top: 0;
}

.brief-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 22px;
    margin-top: 76px;
}

.brief-grid article {
    min-height: 300px;
    padding: clamp(30px, 4vw, 52px);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: var(--background-raised);
}

.brief-grid h3 {
    margin: 22px 0 16px;
    font-size: clamp(25px, 2.6vw, 36px);
    letter-spacing: -0.035em;
    line-height: 1.1;
}

.brief-grid article > p:last-child,
.case-copy > p,
.narrative-copy > p {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 17px;
    line-height: 1.72;
}

.process-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 14px;
    margin-top: 22px;
}

.process-step {
    min-height: 218px;
    padding: 28px;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-small);
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, var(--panel), var(--background-raised));
}

.process-step span {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 42px;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}

.process-step h3 {
    margin: 0 0 10px;
    font-size: 21px;
}

.process-step p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Visual content */

.visual-heading {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.9fr) minmax(300px, 0.7fr);
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 80px;
    margin: clamp(92px, 10vw, 140px) 0 40px;
}

.visual-heading h3 {
    margin: 17px 0 0;
    font-size: clamp(32px, 3.8vw, 52px);
    letter-spacing: -0.045em;
    line-height: 1.08;
}

.visual-heading > p {
    align-self: end;
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 17px;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.visual-heading-spaced {
    margin-top: clamp(84px, 9vw, 126px);
}

.image-grid {
    display: grid;
    gap: 20px;
}

.image-grid-two {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.image-grid-three {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.image-grid-stacked {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}

.image-card {
    overflow: hidden;
    margin: 0;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: var(--panel);
}

.image-card img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 460px;
    padding: 28px;
    object-fit: contain;
    background:
        linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.018), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)),
        #12171e;
}

.photo-card img {
    padding: 0;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.image-card figcaption {
    min-height: 98px;
    padding: 20px 24px 23px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.image-card figcaption strong {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 15px;
}

.cross-section-grid .image-card img {
    height: 600px;
}

.decision-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 1px;
    margin-top: 84px;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    overflow: hidden;
    background: var(--line);
}

.decision-grid article {
    min-height: 270px;
    padding: 34px;
    background: var(--background-raised);
}

.decision-grid span {
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.decision-grid h3 {
    margin: 42px 0 12px;
    font-size: 21px;
}

.decision-grid p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.67;
}

.built-panel {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 0.72fr) minmax(0, 1.28fr);
    align-items: center;
    gap: clamp(52px, 7vw, 110px);
    margin-top: clamp(92px, 10vw, 148px);
}

.built-copy h3,
.related-tool h3,
.evidence-panel h3 {
    margin: 18px 0 22px;
    font-size: clamp(31px, 3.8vw, 51px);
    letter-spacing: -0.045em;
    line-height: 1.06;
}

.built-copy > p:not(.section-label),
.related-tool > div > p:not(.section-label),
.evidence-panel p {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 17px;
    line-height: 1.72;
}

.built-panel .image-card img {
    height: 620px;
}

.outcome-panel {
    margin-top: 40px;
    padding: clamp(36px, 5vw, 64px);
    border: 1px solid var(--accent-line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background:
        linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(189, 220, 255, 0.14), rgba(189, 220, 255, 0.025)),
        var(--background-raised);
}

.outcome-panel strong {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 22px;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: clamp(34px, 5vw, 66px);
    letter-spacing: -0.05em;
    line-height: 1;
}

.outcome-panel > p:last-child {
    max-width: 760px;
    margin: 22px 0 0;
    color: #c3ccd6;
    font-size: 18px;
    line-height: 1.68;
}

/* Life-test project */

.split-case {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(300px, 0.82fr) minmax(0, 1.18fr);
    gap: clamp(50px, 7vw, 110px);
    align-items: center;
    margin-top: clamp(72px, 8vw, 118px);
}

.split-case-reverse {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.84fr) minmax(360px, 1.16fr);
}

.case-copy h3 {
    margin: 18px 0 18px;
    font-size: clamp(30px, 3.5vw, 47px);
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    line-height: 1.08;
}

.case-copy > p {
    margin-top: 14px;
}

.case-copy > .card-label {
    margin: 0;
    color: #c3ccd6;
    font-size: 12px;
    line-height: 1.35;
}

.case-copy > .card-label-spaced {
    margin-top: 34px;
}

.feature-list {
    display: grid;
    gap: 13px;
    margin: 32px 0 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
}

.feature-list li {
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 26px;
    color: #c3ccd6;
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.feature-list li::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 0.65em;
    left: 0;
    width: 9px;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--accent);
}

.tall-feature img {
    height: 570px;
}

.physical-gallery {
    margin-top: 22px;
}

.physical-gallery .image-card img {
    height: 500px;
}

.related-tool {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 0.88fr) minmax(0, 1.12fr);
    align-items: center;
    gap: clamp(48px, 7vw, 100px);
    margin-top: 90px;
    padding: clamp(34px, 5vw, 64px);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-large);
    background: var(--background-raised);
}

.compact-visual img {
    height: 360px;
}

/* Production tooling */

.tooling-case {
    margin-top: clamp(94px, 11vw, 154px);
    padding-top: clamp(64px, 7vw, 96px);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
}

.tooling-title {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 78px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 30px;
    align-items: start;
}

.case-number {
    margin: 7px 0 0;
    color: var(--quiet);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}

.tooling-title h3 {
    margin: 17px 0 0;
    font-size: clamp(39px, 5vw, 68px);
    letter-spacing: -0.05em;
    line-height: 1;
}

.tooling-copy-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 42px 70px;
    margin: 66px 0 48px 108px;
}

.tooling-copy-grid p:last-child {
    margin: 14px 0 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.tooling-gallery .image-card img {
    height: 390px;
}

.tooling-gallery .image-card figcaption {
    min-height: 120px;
}

.split-case .image-grid-stacked .image-card img {
    height: 380px;
}

.split-case .image-grid-stacked .photo-card img {
    object-position: center;
}

/* Research */

.academic-project {
    position: relative;
}

.academic-project::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    z-index: -1;
    inset: 0 calc(50% - 50vw);
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(25, 35, 43, 0.28), transparent 24rem);
}

.research-story {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 1px;
    margin-top: clamp(74px, 8vw, 116px);
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-large);
    background: var(--line);
}

.research-story article {
    min-height: 360px;
    padding: clamp(34px, 4vw, 54px);
    background: var(--background-raised);
}

.research-story h3 {
    max-width: 520px;
    margin: 46px 0 18px;
    font-size: clamp(25px, 2.7vw, 37px);
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    line-height: 1.1;
}

.research-story article > p:last-child {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.72;
}

.evidence-panel {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 70px;
    margin-top: 32px;
    padding: clamp(38px, 5vw, 64px);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: var(--panel);
}

.evidence-panel h3 {
    font-size: clamp(29px, 3.5vw, 44px);
}

.evidence-panel p {
    max-width: 760px;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.button-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 12px;
    min-height: 54px;
    padding: 0 22px;
    border: 1px solid var(--accent-line);
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: var(--accent-soft);
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 750;
    text-decoration: none;
    white-space: nowrap;
    transition: background 160ms ease, transform 160ms ease;
}

.button-link:hover,
.button-link:focus-visible {
    background: rgba(189, 220, 255, 0.2);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Aerospace */

.aerospace-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.07fr) minmax(340px, 0.93fr);
    gap: clamp(42px, 6vw, 88px);
    margin-top: clamp(72px, 8vw, 112px);
}

.narrative-copy {
    margin-top: 54px;
}

.narrative-copy > p {
    margin: 14px 0 0;
}

.narrative-copy > .card-label {
    margin-top: 0;
    color: #c3ccd6;
    font-size: 12px;
}

.narrative-copy > .card-label-spaced {
    margin-top: 34px;
}

.visual-placeholder {
    min-height: 720px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    padding: clamp(38px, 5vw, 62px);
    border: 1px solid var(--accent-line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-large);
    background:
        linear-gradient(160deg, rgba(189, 220, 255, 0.17), transparent 42%),
        repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, transparent 0 22px, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.018) 22px 23px),
        var(--background-raised);
}

.placeholder-number {
    margin-bottom: auto;
    color: rgba(189, 220, 255, 0.14);
    font-size: clamp(94px, 14vw, 190px);
    font-weight: 850;
    letter-spacing: -0.09em;
    line-height: 0.8;
}

.visual-placeholder h3 {
    margin: 18px 0 18px;
    font-size: clamp(32px, 4vw, 52px);
    letter-spacing: -0.05em;
    line-height: 1;
}

.visual-placeholder p:not(.section-label) {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.visual-placeholder a {
    width: fit-content;
    margin-top: 32px;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 750;
    text-underline-offset: 5px;
}

/* Additional work */

.work-card-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 20px;
    margin-top: clamp(72px, 8vw, 112px);
}

.work-card {
    min-height: 330px;
    padding: clamp(32px, 4vw, 48px);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: var(--background-raised);
}

.work-card-wide {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(260px, 0.8fr) minmax(0, 1.2fr);
    column-gap: clamp(50px, 7vw, 110px);
}

.work-card-wide .work-tag,
.work-card-wide h3 {
    grid-column: 1;
}

.work-card-wide > p:not(.work-tag),
.work-card-wide ul {
    grid-column: 2;
}

.work-card-wide > p:not(.work-tag) {
    grid-row: 1 / span 2;
    align-self: start;
    margin-top: 0;
}

.work-card h3 {
    margin: 28px 0 18px;
    font-size: clamp(27px, 3vw, 40px);
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    line-height: 1.08;
}

.work-card > p:not(.work-tag),
.work-card li {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.work-card ul {
    margin: 26px 0 0;
    padding-left: 19px;
}

.work-card li + li {
    margin-top: 8px;
}

/* Design principles and footer */

.design-principles {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(270px, 0.7fr) minmax(0, 1.3fr);
    gap: clamp(60px, 9vw, 140px);
    padding: clamp(100px, 11vw, 160px) 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.principles-heading h2 {
    margin: 20px 0 0;
    font-size: clamp(42px, 5vw, 70px);
    letter-spacing: -0.055em;
    line-height: 1;
}

.principles-grid {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
}

.principles-grid article {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 44px minmax(180px, 0.58fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 22px;
    align-items: start;
    padding: 30px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.principles-grid span {
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.principles-grid h3 {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 20px;
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.principles-grid p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.67;
}

.site-footer {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 60px;
    padding: 78px 0 90px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.site-footer h2 {
    margin: 17px 0 0;
    font-size: clamp(28px, 3.5vw, 48px);
    letter-spacing: -0.045em;
}

.footer-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-end;
    gap: 15px;
}

.footer-links a {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 650;
    text-decoration-color: var(--line-strong);
    text-underline-offset: 5px;
}

.footer-links a:hover,
.footer-links a:focus-visible {
    color: var(--accent);
}

/* Responsive layouts */

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
    .hero-grid,
    .project-title-grid,
    .project-index,
    .visual-heading,
    .built-panel,
    .related-tool,
    .aerospace-layout,
    .design-principles {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .hero-grid {
        align-items: start;
        gap: 64px;
    }

    .hero-introduction {
        max-width: 760px;
    }

    .project-index {
        gap: 54px;
    }

    .project-title-grid {
        align-items: start;
        gap: 36px;
    }

    .project-summary {
        max-width: 800px;
    }

    .visual-heading {
        gap: 26px;
    }

    .visual-heading > p {
        max-width: 720px;
    }

    .metric-row {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }

    .metric:nth-child(2) {
        border-right: 0;
    }

    .metric:nth-child(-n + 2) {
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    }

    .metric-row-three {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    }

    .metric-row-three .metric:nth-child(2) {
        border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
    }

    .metric-row-three .metric:nth-child(-n + 2) {
        border-bottom: 0;
    }

    .decision-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }

    .built-copy,
    .related-tool > div {
        max-width: 800px;
    }

    .work-card-wide {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .work-card-wide .work-tag,
    .work-card-wide h3,
    .work-card-wide > p:not(.work-tag),
    .work-card-wide ul {
        grid-column: 1;
    }

    .work-card-wide > p:not(.work-tag) {
        grid-row: auto;
        margin-top: 0;
    }

    .principles-heading {
        max-width: 650px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
    main,
    .site-header-inner {
        width: min(100% - 40px, var(--max-width));
    }

    .site-nav {
        display: none;
    }

    .hero {
        padding-top: 82px;
    }

    .hero h1 {
        font-size: clamp(56px, 15vw, 92px);
    }

    .hero-capabilities {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }

    .hero-capabilities span:nth-child(2) {
        border-right: 0;
    }

    .hero-capabilities span:nth-child(-n + 2) {
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    }

    .index-links a {
        grid-template-columns: 36px 1fr;
        padding: 15px 0;
    }

    .index-links small {
        grid-column: 2;
    }

    .project-header {
        align-items: flex-start;
    }

    .project-number {
        font-size: 72px;
    }

    .brief-grid,
    .process-grid,
    .image-grid-two,
    .image-grid-three,
    .split-case,
    .split-case-reverse,
    .tooling-copy-grid,
    .research-story,
    .work-card-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .process-step {
        min-height: 180px;
    }

    .process-step span {
        margin-bottom: 30px;
    }

    .image-card img,
    .cross-section-grid .image-card img,
    .tall-feature img,
    .physical-gallery .image-card img,
    .built-panel .image-card img {
        height: min(112vw, 560px);
    }

    .photo-card img {
        min-height: 360px;
    }

    .decision-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .tooling-title {
        grid-template-columns: 52px minmax(0, 1fr);
        gap: 16px;
    }

    .tooling-copy-grid {
        margin-left: 0;
    }

    .research-story article {
        min-height: auto;
    }

    .evidence-panel {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 34px;
    }

    .button-link {
        width: fit-content;
    }

    .visual-placeholder {
        min-height: 600px;
    }

    .work-card-wide {
        grid-column: auto;
    }

    .principles-grid article {
        grid-template-columns: 38px 1fr;
    }

    .principles-grid p {
        grid-column: 2;
    }

    .site-footer {
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .footer-links {
        align-items: flex-start;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 520px) {
    main,
    .site-header-inner {
        width: calc(100% - 28px);
    }

    .hero {
        padding-top: 64px;
    }

    .hero-name {
        margin-bottom: 22px;
        font-size: 12px;
    }

    .hero h1 {
        font-size: 50px;
    }

    .portfolio-title {
        font-size: 31px;
    }

    .hero-capabilities {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .hero-capabilities span {
        border-right: 0;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    }

    .hero-capabilities span:last-child {
        border-bottom: 0;
    }

    .project-header {
        gap: 16px;
    }

    .project-number {
        display: none;
    }

    .project h2 {
        font-size: 42px;
    }

    .metric-row,
    .metric-row-three,
    .metric-row-two {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .metric,
    .metric-row-three .metric:nth-child(2) {
        border-right: 0;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    }

    .metric:last-child {
        border-bottom: 0;
    }

    .brief-grid article,
    .decision-grid article,
    .work-card,
    .research-story article {
        padding: 28px;
    }

    .image-card img,
    .cross-section-grid .image-card img,
    .tall-feature img,
    .physical-gallery .image-card img,
    .built-panel .image-card img,
    .tooling-gallery .image-card img,
    .split-case .image-grid-stacked .image-card img,
    .compact-visual img {
        height: 380px;
        padding: 16px;
    }

    .photo-card img,
    .physical-gallery .photo-card img,
    .built-panel .photo-card img,
    .tooling-gallery .photo-card img,
    .split-case .image-grid-stacked .photo-card img {
        padding: 0;
    }

    .related-tool,
    .evidence-panel,
    .visual-placeholder {
        padding: 28px;
    }

    .visual-placeholder {
        min-height: 520px;
    }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    html {
        scroll-behavior: auto;
    }

    *,
    *::before,
    *::after {
        transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    }
}

/* Detailed case-study layouts */

.hero {
    padding-bottom: clamp(58px, 7vw, 92px);
}

.hero-grid {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.08fr) minmax(360px, 0.92fr);
    align-items: start;
}

.hero-name {
    font-size: 17px;
}

.hero h1 {
    max-width: 780px;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: clamp(50px, 5.4vw, 72px);
    letter-spacing: -0.058em;
    line-height: 0.94;
}

.hero h1 span {
    margin-top: 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: inherit;
    letter-spacing: inherit;
    line-height: inherit;
}

.confidentiality-note {
    margin: 25px 0 0;
    padding-top: 23px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.68;
}

.project-index {
    display: block;
    padding-top: 68px;
}

.selected-work-label {
    margin-bottom: 26px;
    font-size: 18px;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}

.project-number {
    min-width: 0.72em;
    margin-top: -10px;
    font-size: clamp(70px, 8vw, 116px);
    letter-spacing: 0;
    line-height: 0.78;
    text-align: right;
}

.project h2 {
    max-width: 920px;
    font-size: clamp(42px, 5.15vw, 72px);
    letter-spacing: -0.052em;
    line-height: 1;
}

.membrane-brief-grid article,
.formula-brief-grid article {
    min-height: 0;
}

.membrane-brief-grid article > p:not(.card-label),
.formula-brief-grid article > p:not(.card-label) {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.72;
}

.membrane-brief-grid article > p + p,
.formula-brief-grid article > p + p {
    margin-top: 16px;
}

.robot-heading {
    margin-top: 82px;
}

.robot-process-grid {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.process-comparison {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 20px;
    margin-top: 72px;
}

.process-comparison-card {
    padding: clamp(30px, 4vw, 50px);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: var(--background-raised);
}

.process-comparison-card-accent {
    border-color: var(--accent-line);
    background:
        linear-gradient(145deg, var(--accent-soft), transparent 60%),
        var(--background-raised);
}

.process-comparison-card h3 {
    margin: 22px 0 18px;
    font-size: clamp(26px, 2.7vw, 38px);
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    line-height: 1.08;
}

.process-comparison-card > p:not(.card-label) {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.72;
}

.process-comparison-card > p + p {
    margin-top: 16px;
}

.comparison-card {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.paired-visual {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 1px;
    background: var(--line);
}

.paired-item {
    position: relative;
    min-width: 0;
    background: #12171e;
}

.paired-item > span,
.research-triptych span {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 2;
    top: 20px;
    left: 22px;
    padding: 8px 11px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(11, 14, 18, 0.78);
    color: #dbe4ed;
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
}

.image-card .paired-item img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 560px;
    padding: 48px 30px 28px;
    object-fit: contain;
    background: transparent;
}

.cross-section-comparison .paired-item img {
    height: 620px;
}

.stamp-feature-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
}

.stamp-feature-grid article {
    min-height: 250px;
}

.stamp-feature-grid h3 {
    margin-top: 34px;
}

/* Acoustic research */

.research-introduction {
    margin-top: 72px;
}

.research-mechanism-heading {
    margin-top: 92px;
}

.mechanism-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 18px;
}

.mechanism-card {
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: var(--background-raised);
}

.mechanism-card figure {
    margin: 0 0 30px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    background: #12171e;
}

.mechanism-card figure img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 320px;
    padding: 26px;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.mechanism-card > p,
.mechanism-card > h3 {
    margin-right: 30px;
    margin-left: 30px;
}

.mechanism-card h3 {
    margin-top: 18px;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    font-size: 23px;
    letter-spacing: -0.035em;
    line-height: 1.12;
}

.mechanism-card > p:last-child {
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: 34px;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.68;
}

.research-design-comparison {
    margin-top: 22px;
}

.research-triptych {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 1px;
    background: var(--line);
}

.research-triptych > div {
    position: relative;
    background: #12171e;
}

.research-design-comparison .research-triptych img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 350px;
    padding: 46px 22px 24px;
    object-fit: contain;
    background: transparent;
}

.manufactured-research-panel {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.15fr) minmax(330px, 0.85fr);
    align-items: center;
    gap: clamp(48px, 7vw, 96px);
    margin-top: clamp(76px, 9vw, 126px);
}

.research-photo-card img {
    height: 440px;
    padding: 14px;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.manufactured-research-panel h3,
.evidence-change-panel h3,
.formula-result-copy h3,
.team-integration-panel h3,
.life-test-built-panel h3,
.aerospace-development-grid h3 {
    margin: 18px 0 20px;
    font-size: clamp(29px, 3.5vw, 46px);
    letter-spacing: -0.045em;
    line-height: 1.07;
}

.manufactured-research-panel > div > p:not(.section-label),
.evidence-change-panel > p:not(.story-step),
.formula-result-copy > p:not(.section-label),
.team-integration-panel > div:first-child > p:not(.section-label),
.life-test-built-panel > div > p:not(.section-label),
.aerospace-development-grid > div > p:not(.section-label) {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.72;
}

.manufactured-research-panel > div > p + p,
.aerospace-development-grid > div > p + p {
    margin-top: 16px;
}

.evidence-change-panel {
    max-width: 970px;
    margin: clamp(76px, 9vw, 120px) auto 32px;
    padding: clamp(34px, 5vw, 62px);
    border: 1px solid var(--accent-line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-large);
    background:
        linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-soft), transparent 62%),
        var(--background-raised);
}

.fan-design-comparison {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.fan-design-comparison .paired-item img,
.flow-comparison-card .paired-item img {
    height: 460px;
}

.fea-gallery {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 18px;
}

.fea-gallery .image-card img {
    height: 360px;
    padding: 22px;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.research-detail-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 1px;
    margin-top: 18px;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: var(--line);
}

.research-detail-grid article {
    padding: 28px;
    background: var(--background-raised);
}

.research-detail-grid article > p:last-child {
    margin: 15px 0 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.62;
}

.research-built-panel .cnc-fan-card img {
    height: 600px;
    padding: 18px;
    object-fit: contain;
}

/* Production tooling */

.demagnetizer-layout,
.life-test-layout {
    align-items: start;
}

.demagnetizer-images {
    gap: 18px;
}

.image-viewport {
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #12171e;
}

.image-card .image-viewport img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
    background: transparent;
}

.demagnetizer-cad-card .image-viewport {
    height: 390px;
}

.demagnetizer-cad-card .image-viewport img {
    height: 100%;
    padding: 18px;
    transform: scale(1.12);
}

.demagnetizer-photo-card img {
    height: 620px !important;
    padding: 18px !important;
    object-fit: contain !important;
    background: #12171e;
}

.tooling-title-compact {
    max-width: 900px;
    font-size: clamp(27px, 3vw, 40px) !important;
    line-height: 1.08 !important;
}

.pin-gallery {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 20px;
}

.pin-cad-card .image-viewport {
    height: 430px;
}

.pin-cad-card .image-viewport img {
    height: 100%;
    padding: 12px;
    transform: scale(1.58);
}

.pin-components-card img {
    height: 430px;
    padding: 18px;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.pin-installed-card {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
}

.pin-installed-card img {
    height: 620px;
    padding: 18px;
    object-fit: contain;
    background: #12171e;
}

/* Life-test fixture */

.life-test-cad-card img {
    height: 590px;
    padding: 22px;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.life-test-built-panel {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(300px, 0.75fr) minmax(0, 1.25fr);
    align-items: center;
    gap: clamp(48px, 7vw, 96px);
    margin-top: clamp(74px, 9vw, 120px);
}

.life-test-photo-card img {
    height: 560px;
    padding: 18px;
    object-fit: contain;
    background: #12171e;
}

/* Formula Student */

.design-progression {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 1px;
    margin-top: 22px;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: var(--line);
}

.design-progression article {
    min-height: 300px;
    padding: 32px;
    background: var(--background-raised);
}

.design-progression article > span {
    color: var(--quiet);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.design-progression article > strong {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 44px;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: clamp(32px, 4vw, 52px);
    letter-spacing: -0.05em;
}

.design-progression h3 {
    margin: 14px 0 10px;
    font-size: 21px;
}

.design-progression p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.62;
}

.design-progression-final {
    background:
        linear-gradient(145deg, var(--accent-soft), transparent 68%),
        var(--background-raised) !important;
}

.aerospace-development-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(330px, 0.78fr) minmax(0, 1.22fr);
    align-items: center;
    gap: clamp(46px, 7vw, 94px);
    margin-top: clamp(82px, 9vw, 126px);
}

.formula-airfoil-card img {
    height: 430px;
    padding: 22px;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.flow-comparison-card {
    margin-top: 22px;
}

.formula-results-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.1fr) minmax(320px, 0.9fr);
    align-items: center;
    gap: clamp(46px, 7vw, 94px);
    margin-top: clamp(78px, 9vw, 122px);
}

.stacked-table-images {
    padding: 18px;
    background: #12171e;
}

.formula-table-card .stacked-table-images img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    padding: 0;
    object-fit: contain;
    background: transparent;
}

.formula-table-card .stacked-table-images img + img {
    margin-top: 8px;
}

.team-integration-panel {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(310px, 0.72fr) minmax(0, 1.28fr);
    align-items: center;
    gap: clamp(48px, 7vw, 96px);
    margin-top: clamp(82px, 9vw, 126px);
    padding-top: clamp(62px, 7vw, 92px);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.team-integration-images {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 18px;
}

.team-integration-images .image-card img {
    height: 390px;
    padding: 20px;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.formula-evidence-panel {
    margin-top: 82px;
}

.evidence-actions {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 12px;
}

.end-tool {
    margin-top: clamp(72px, 9vw, 118px);
}

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
    .hero-grid,
    .manufactured-research-panel,
    .life-test-built-panel,
    .aerospace-development-grid,
    .formula-results-grid,
    .team-integration-panel {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .hero h1 {
        max-width: 980px;
    }

    .mechanism-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    }

    .research-detail-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    }

    .manufactured-research-panel > div,
    .life-test-built-panel > div,
    .aerospace-development-grid > div,
    .formula-result-copy,
    .team-integration-panel > div:first-child {
        max-width: 820px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
    .hero-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .hero h1 {
        font-size: clamp(48px, 9vw, 58px);
    }

    .process-comparison,
    .mechanism-grid,
    .pin-gallery,
    .design-progression,
    .team-integration-images {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .pin-installed-card {
        grid-column: auto;
    }

    .stamp-feature-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }

    .research-triptych {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .research-design-comparison .research-triptych img {
        height: 420px;
    }

    .fea-gallery {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .demagnetizer-photo-card img,
    .pin-installed-card img,
    .life-test-photo-card img {
        height: min(112vw, 620px) !important;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 520px) {
    .hero-name {
        font-size: 13px;
    }

    .hero h1 {
        font-size: 42px;
        line-height: 0.98;
    }

    .selected-work-label {
        font-size: 15px;
    }

    .project h2 {
        font-size: 39px;
    }

    .process-comparison-card,
    .mechanism-card > p,
    .mechanism-card > h3 {
        margin-right: 0;
        margin-left: 0;
    }

    .mechanism-card > p,
    .mechanism-card > h3 {
        padding-right: 24px;
        padding-left: 24px;
    }

    .paired-visual,
    .stamp-feature-grid,
    .research-detail-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .image-card .paired-item img,
    .cross-section-comparison .paired-item img,
    .fan-design-comparison .paired-item img,
    .flow-comparison-card .paired-item img,
    .research-design-comparison .research-triptych img,
    .mechanism-card figure img,
    .fea-gallery .image-card img,
    .formula-airfoil-card img,
    .team-integration-images .image-card img {
        height: 360px;
    }

    .research-photo-card img,
    .research-built-panel .cnc-fan-card img,
    .life-test-cad-card img,
    .pin-components-card img {
        height: 430px;
    }

    .demagnetizer-cad-card .image-viewport,
    .pin-cad-card .image-viewport {
        height: 330px;
    }

    .design-progression article,
    .stamp-feature-grid article {
        min-height: 0;
    }

    .evidence-actions,
    .evidence-actions .button-link {
        width: 100%;
    }
}

/* Compact visual portfolio: preserve body readability and source-image detail. */

.hero { padding: 64px 0 36px; }
.hero-grid { gap: 48px; }
.hero-name { margin-bottom: 18px; }
.hero h1 { font-size: clamp(42px, 4.15vw, 58px); line-height: 1.02; }
.portfolio-title { margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: clamp(30px, 3vw, 42px); }
.intro { font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.65; }
.confidentiality-note { margin-top: 22px; padding-top: 22px; }
.hero-capabilities { margin-top: 28px; }
.hero-capabilities span { padding: 14px 12px; }

/* All six previews show the whole source image; captions never cover it. */
.hero-preview {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)) minmax(0, 0.65fr);
    grid-template-rows: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 14px;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: none;
    min-height: 0;
    flex: none;
    aspect-ratio: 2.6 / 1;
    margin-top: 26px;
}
.preview-item {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    min-width: 0;
    min-height: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: #12171e;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: border-color 160ms ease;
}
.preview-item:hover, .preview-item:focus-visible { border-color: var(--accent); }
.preview-item img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    min-height: 0;
    padding: 12px;
    object-fit: contain;
    object-position: center;
    transform: none;
}
.preview-item span {
    position: static;
    display: block;
    padding: 9px 12px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    background: var(--background-raised);
    color: #d7e3f0;
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 650;
    line-height: 1.35;
}
.preview-demagnetizer { grid-column: 1 / 3; grid-row: 1; }
.preview-fan { grid-column: 3; grid-row: 1; }
.preview-porous { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; }
.preview-flow { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; }
.preview-printed { grid-column: 3; grid-row: 2; }
.preview-stamp { grid-column: 4; grid-row: 1 / 3; }

.project-index { padding: 30px 0 36px; }
.selected-work-label { margin-bottom: 18px; }
.index-links a { min-height: 58px; }
.project { padding: 56px 0; }
.project-number { font-size: 76px; margin-top: -3px; }
.project-title-grid { gap: 40px; margin-top: 28px; }
.project h2 { font-size: clamp(34px, 3.8vw, 52px); line-height: 1.06; }
.project-summary { font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.62; }
.metric-row { margin-top: 32px; }
.metric { min-height: 112px; padding: 22px; }
.metric strong, .design-progression article > strong {
    font-size: clamp(28px, 2.5vw, 36px);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-variant-numeric: lining-nums tabular-nums;
    letter-spacing: 0.012em;
    word-spacing: 0.12em;
    line-height: 1.18;
}
.metric strong { margin-bottom: 10px; }
.brief-grid { gap: 18px; margin-top: 32px; }
.brief-grid article { min-height: 0; padding: 26px; }
.brief-grid h3 { margin: 16px 0 14px; font-size: clamp(23px, 2vw, 28px); line-height: 1.14; }
.visual-heading { gap: 40px; margin: 42px 0 20px; }
.visual-heading h3 { margin-top: 12px; font-size: clamp(26px, 2.6vw, 34px); line-height: 1.12; }
.visual-heading-spaced, .research-mechanism-heading, .robot-heading { margin-top: 42px; }
.image-card figcaption { min-height: 0; padding: 15px 18px 17px; }
.built-panel, .related-tool, .split-case, .aerospace-layout { gap: 44px; margin-top: 44px; }
.built-copy h3, .related-tool h3, .evidence-panel h3, .case-copy h3 {
    margin: 14px 0 16px;
    font-size: clamp(26px, 2.6vw, 34px);
    line-height: 1.12;
}
.built-panel .image-card img { height: 400px; }
.feature-list { gap: 9px; margin-top: 22px; }
.case-copy > .card-label-spaced { margin-top: 24px; }
.evidence-panel { gap: 32px; margin-top: 24px; padding: 28px; }
.evidence-panel h3 { font-size: 30px; }
.evidence-panel p { margin-top: 12px; }

/* The valve photograph sits beside the process that it explains. */
.membrane-process-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.75fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
    align-items: start;
    gap: 20px;
    margin-top: 30px;
}
.process-comparison { margin-top: 0; gap: 16px; }
.process-comparison-card { padding: 24px; }
.process-comparison-card h3 { margin: 15px 0 14px; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.14; }
.valve-photo-card img { height: auto; max-height: 550px; padding: 10px; object-fit: contain; }
.stamp-comparison-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 18px; }
.stamp-comparison-row .paired-visual { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
.stamp-pair .paired-item > span {
    position: static;
    display: block;
    height: 46px;
    padding: 13px 8px 6px;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 0;
    background: none;
    font-size: 10px;
    text-align: center;
    backdrop-filter: none;
}
.stamp-pair .paired-item img { height: 340px; padding: 6px 12px 14px; }
.stamp-feature-grid { margin-top: 26px; }
.stamp-feature-grid article { position: relative; min-height: 0; padding: 24px; }
.stamp-feature-grid span { font-size: 20px; line-height: 1; }
.stamp-feature-grid h3 { margin: 17px 0 11px; font-size: 20px; }
.membrane-release-panel { margin-top: 30px; }
.membrane-release-panel .built-copy {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 0 32px;
}
.membrane-release-panel .section-label, .membrane-release-panel h3 { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
.membrane-release-panel .built-copy > p:not(.section-label) { margin: 0; }
.outcome-panel { margin-top: 24px; padding: 26px 30px; }
.outcome-panel > .section-label { font-size: 16px; }
.outcome-panel strong { margin-top: 12px; font-size: clamp(25px, 2.5vw, 34px); letter-spacing: -0.025em; line-height: 1.16; }
.outcome-panel > p:last-child { max-width: none; margin-top: 14px; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.6; }

/* Research images arrive early, followed by compact engineering detail. */
.research-design-comparison { margin-top: 24px; }
.research-design-comparison .research-triptych img { height: 260px; padding: 46px 20px 18px; }
.research-introduction { margin-top: 26px; }
.research-story article { min-height: 0; padding: 26px; }
.research-story h3 { margin: 22px 0 14px; font-size: 28px; line-height: 1.13; }
.mechanism-card figure { margin-bottom: 22px; }
.mechanism-card figure img { height: 240px; padding: 18px; }
.mechanism-card > p, .mechanism-card > h3 { margin-left: 24px; margin-right: 24px; }
.mechanism-card > p:last-child { margin-bottom: 24px; }
.manufactured-research-panel, .life-test-built-panel, .aerospace-development-grid, .formula-results-grid, .team-integration-panel {
    gap: 40px;
    margin-top: 42px;
}
.manufactured-research-panel h3, .evidence-change-panel h3, .formula-result-copy h3, .team-integration-panel h3, .life-test-built-panel h3, .aerospace-development-grid h3 {
    font-size: clamp(26px, 2.6vw, 34px);
    line-height: 1.12;
    margin: 14px 0 16px;
}
.research-photo-card img { height: 330px; }
.evidence-change-panel { max-width: none; margin: 36px 0 22px; padding: 26px 30px; }
.fan-design-comparison .paired-item img { height: 330px; }
.fea-gallery { gap: 16px; }
.fea-gallery .image-card img { height: 275px; padding: 18px; }
.research-detail-grid { margin-top: 16px; }
.research-detail-grid article { padding: 22px; }
.research-built-panel .cnc-fan-card img { height: 420px; padding: 14px; }

/* Three production views share one row. */
.tooling-case { margin-top: 42px; padding-top: 34px; }
.tooling-title { grid-template-columns: 46px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 18px; }
.tooling-title h3 { margin-top: 12px; font-size: clamp(30px, 3.2vw, 42px); line-height: 1.1; }
.tooling-title-compact { font-size: clamp(26px, 2.6vw, 34px) !important; }
.pin-jig-case .tooling-title .section-label { font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.1em; }
.tooling-copy-grid { gap: 24px 40px; margin: 28px 0 26px 64px; }
.tooling-copy-grid p:last-child { margin-top: 12px; }
.pin-gallery { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 16px; }
.pin-gallery .pin-installed-card { grid-column: auto; }
.pin-cad-card .image-viewport { height: 290px; }
.pin-cad-card .image-viewport img { height: 100%; padding: 6px; transform: scale(1.8); }
.pin-components-card img, .pin-installed-card img { height: 290px; padding: 10px; object-fit: contain; }
.pin-gallery .pin-installed-card img { height: 290px !important; }
.demagnetizer-cad-card .image-viewport { height: 310px; }
.demagnetizer-photo-card img { height: 460px !important; padding: 12px !important; }
.life-test-cad-card img { height: 450px; }
.life-test-photo-card img { height: 400px !important; padding: 12px; }

/* Formula Student: readable metrics, smaller flow plots, joined result table. */
.design-progression { margin-top: 18px; }
.design-progression article { min-height: 0; padding: 24px; }
.design-progression article > strong { margin-top: 22px; }
.design-progression h3 { margin-top: 12px; }
.formula-airfoil-card img { height: 320px; }
.flow-comparison-card { max-width: 900px; margin: 22px auto 0; }
.flow-comparison-card .paired-item img { height: 300px; padding: 44px 18px 18px; }
.formula-table-card .stacked-table-images { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0; padding: 14px; }
.formula-table-card .stacked-table-images img { display: block; flex: none; }
.formula-table-card .stacked-table-images img + img { margin-top: 0; }
.team-integration-panel { padding-top: 28px; }
.team-integration-images .image-card img { height: 280px; padding: 14px; }
.formula-evidence-panel { margin-top: 30px; }
.evidence-actions { gap: 10px; }

.work-card-grid { gap: 16px; margin-top: 36px; }
.work-card { min-height: 0; padding: 28px; }
.work-card h3 { font-size: 29px; margin: 20px 0 14px; }
.end-tool { margin-top: 40px; padding: 30px; }
.compact-visual img { height: 280px; }
.design-principles { gap: 50px; padding: 56px 0; }
.principles-heading h2 { font-size: clamp(34px, 3.5vw, 46px); }
.principles-grid article { gap: 18px; padding: 22px 0; }
.site-footer { padding: 40px 0 50px; }
.site-footer h2 { font-size: 32px; }

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
    .hero-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 32px; }
    .hero h1 { font-size: clamp(38px, 4.6vw, 48px); }
    .hero-name { font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 0.08em; }
    .membrane-process-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .valve-photo-card { max-width: 620px; width: 100%; margin: 0 auto; }
    .valve-photo-card img { max-height: 420px; width: 100%; }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
    .hero { padding-top: 42px; }
    .hero-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .hero h1 { font-size: 46px; }
    .project { padding: 40px 0; }
    .project-title-grid, .visual-heading { gap: 22px; }
    .index-links a { padding: 12px 0; }
    .stamp-comparison-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .stamp-pair .paired-item img { height: 300px; }
    .process-comparison { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
    .pin-gallery { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 10px; }
    .pin-cad-card .image-viewport, .pin-components-card img, .pin-installed-card img { height: 230px; }
    .pin-gallery .pin-installed-card img { height: 230px !important; }
    .pin-gallery .image-card figcaption { padding: 13px; font-size: 13px; }
    .pin-gallery .image-card figcaption strong { font-size: 14px; }
    .tooling-copy-grid { margin-left: 0; }
    .demagnetizer-photo-card img { height: 430px !important; }
    .life-test-photo-card img { height: 340px !important; }
    .design-progression { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
    .design-progression article { padding: 20px; }
    .design-progression article > strong { font-size: 28px; }
    .design-progression h3 { font-size: 19px; }
    .design-progression p { font-size: 14px; }
    .research-triptych { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
    .research-design-comparison .research-triptych img { height: 220px; padding: 42px 12px 12px; }
    .research-triptych span { left: 10px; font-size: 10px; }
    .fea-gallery { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}

@media (max-width: 580px) {
    .hero h1 { font-size: 40px; }
    .hero-capabilities { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
    .hero-capabilities span { padding: 12px 8px; font-size: 10px; }
    .hero-capabilities span:nth-child(odd) { border-right: 1px solid var(--line); }
    .hero-capabilities span:nth-last-child(-n + 2) { border-bottom: 0; }
    .project h2 { font-size: 34px; }
    .metric-row { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
    .metric { min-height: 110px; padding: 18px 14px; }
    .metric strong { font-size: 25px; white-space: nowrap; letter-spacing: 0; }
    .metric:nth-child(odd) { border-right: 1px solid var(--line); }
    .metric:nth-last-child(-n + 2) { border-bottom: 0; }
    .brief-grid article, .research-story article { padding: 22px; }
    .process-comparison, .membrane-release-panel .built-copy { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .membrane-release-panel .built-copy > p + p { margin-top: 14px; }
    .stamp-feature-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
    .stamp-feature-grid article { padding: 19px; }
    .stamp-feature-grid h3 { font-size: 18px; }
    .stamp-feature-grid p { font-size: 15px; }
    .stamp-pair .paired-item img { height: 290px; }
    .stamp-pair .paired-item > span { font-size: 9px; }
    .outcome-panel, .evidence-change-panel { padding: 23px; }
    .outcome-panel strong { font-size: 27px; }
    .research-triptych { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
    .research-design-comparison .research-triptych img { height: 155px; padding: 42px 4px 8px; }
    .research-triptych span { top: 12px; left: 5px; padding: 6px; font-size: 8px; }
    .fea-gallery { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .fea-gallery .image-card img { height: 260px; }
    .pin-gallery, .design-progression { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .pin-cad-card .image-viewport, .pin-components-card img, .pin-installed-card img { height: 270px; }
    .pin-gallery .pin-installed-card img { height: 270px !important; }
    .pin-gallery .image-card figcaption { padding: 15px 18px; font-size: 14px; }
    .pin-gallery .image-card figcaption strong { font-size: 15px; }
    .demagnetizer-photo-card img { height: 380px !important; }
    .life-test-cad-card img { height: 320px; }
    .life-test-photo-card img { height: 300px !important; }
    .formula-airfoil-card img { height: 230px; }
    .flow-comparison-card .paired-visual { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
    .flow-comparison-card .paired-item > span {
        position: static; display: block; min-height: 42px; margin: 8px 7px 0;
        padding: 6px; font-size: 8px; text-align: center;
    }
    .flow-comparison-card .paired-item img { height: 175px; padding: 8px; }
    .team-integration-images .image-card img { height: 240px; }
    .work-card { padding: 24px; }
    .design-principles { padding: 40px 0; }
}


/* Preserve the complete demagnetizer CAD at every viewport width. */
.demagnetizer-cad-card .image-viewport {
    height: auto;
    padding: 12px;
    aspect-ratio: 4000 / 2532;
}
.demagnetizer-cad-card .image-viewport img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    padding: 0;
    object-fit: contain;
    object-position: center;
    transform: none;
}
.split-case .image-grid-stacked .demagnetizer-cad-card img {
    height: 100%;
    padding: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
    .hero-preview { aspect-ratio: 2.35 / 1; }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
    .hero { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
    .hero-grid { display: contents; }
    .hero-grid > div:first-child { order: 0; }
    .hero-preview {
        order: 1;
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)) minmax(0, 0.6fr);
        grid-template-rows: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
        aspect-ratio: 1.5 / 1;
    }
    .hero-introduction { order: 2; margin-top: 26px; }
    .hero-capabilities { order: 3; }
    .preview-demagnetizer { grid-column: 1 / 3; grid-row: 1; }
    .preview-fan { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; }
    .preview-porous { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; }
    .preview-flow { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 3; }
    .preview-printed { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 3; }
    .preview-stamp { grid-column: 3; grid-row: 1 / 4; }
}

@media (max-width: 580px) {
    .hero-preview {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
        grid-template-rows: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
        aspect-ratio: 0.62 / 1;
        gap: 10px;
    }
    .preview-demagnetizer { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; }
    .preview-fan { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; }
    .preview-stamp { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1 / 3; }
    .preview-porous { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 3; }
    .preview-flow { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 3; }
    .preview-printed { grid-column: 1 / 3; grid-row: 4; }
    .preview-item img { padding: 9px; }
    .preview-item span { padding: 7px 9px; font-size: 10px; }
}